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Arthur William Murphy
Air Commodore Arthur William Murphy, DFC, AFC, FRAeS (17 November 1891 – 21 April 1963) was a senior engineer and aviator in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He accompanied Captain Henry Wrigley on the first trans-Australia flight from Melbourne to Darwin in 1919, a feat that earned both men the Air Force Cross. Murphy later played a leading role in military aircraft maintenance and production. A veteran of World War I, he served first as a mechanic and then as a pilot with the Australian Flying Corps. Based in the Middle East, he flew with No. 1 Squadron and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Murphy was the first airman on the RAAF's strength when it formed in 1921, and rose to the rank of temporary air commodore during World War II, commanding No. 1 Aircraft Depot and No. 4 Maintenance Group. He was also the RAAF's first Inspector of Air Accidents. A fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Murphy retired from the military in 1946, and died in 1963 at the age of seventy-one.
==Early life and World War I==
Murphy was born 17 November 1891 in Kew, a suburb of Melbourne, to joiner and engineer Charles Hubert Murphy and his wife Mary. Educated at Melbourne High School and Footscray Technical School, he spent five years with Austral Otis Engineering as an apprentice. Having been employed at various engineering firms, Murphy joined the Australian Army's Aviation Instructional Staff at Central Flying School Point Cook in 1914 to train as an air mechanic.〔Fraser, ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', p.633〕 By February 1916, he had risen to the rank of sergeant and volunteered for the Australian Imperial Force to serve overseas.〔〔(Arthur William Murphy ) at (The AIF Project ). Retrieved on 24 March 2009.〕 Transferring to the Australian Flying Corps, Murphy was allocated to No. 1 Squadron—also known until 1918 as No. 67 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps (RFC)—as a warrant officer.〔〔Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp.9–10〕 He departed Melbourne aboard HMAT A67 ''Orsova'' on 16 March, bound for Egypt.〔
Based in the Sinai Desert and Palestine, Murphy was initially responsible for No. 1 Squadron aircraft maintenance; his achievements saw him mentioned in dispatches in 1917.〔〔(Honours and Awards: Arthur William Murphy ) at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 24 March 2009.〕 He then trained as a pilot with the RFC in Egypt, where he obtained a temporary commission as a second lieutenant on 24 October. He flew with the RFC before returning to No. 1 Squadron in Palestine.〔〔Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp.32–33〕 During 1918, Murphy saw combat over Jordan, operating Bristol Fighters.〔Cutlack, (''The Australian Flying Corps'', pp.117–118 )〕〔Cutlack, (''The Australian Flying Corps'', p.128 )〕 On 12 August, he and his observer were selected to join Colonel T. E. Lawrence and his irregular Arab army in the Hejaz near Daraa, providing air cover and reconnaissance.〔Cutlack, (''The Australian Flying Corps'', pp.148–149 )〕 Credited with bringing down two enemy aircraft while supporting Lawrence's troops, Murphy was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his "keenness, reliability and boldness".〔〔(Recommendation for Arthur William Murphy to be awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross ) at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 24 March 2009.〕
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